Pakistan was once recognized as a developing and dynamic nation, but today, its identity in the global arena is increasingly being linked to terrorism and extremism. However, amid the challenges, there remains hope that democratic negotiations, peaceful resolutions, and dialogue with political parties and activist groups can lead to stability……. By Syed Atiq ul Hassan
The Baluchistan Train Attack: A Tragic Incident
On Tuesday, March 11, a horrific incident took place near Bolan, approximately 160 kilometres from Quetta, in Pakistan’s southwestern province of Baluchistan. The Jaffar Express, traveling from
Quetta to Peshawar, became the target of a terrorist attack. This attack is not only one of Pakistan’s deadliest but also ranks among the most significant acts of global terrorism.
Following the incident, international media continued to report on the attack, presenting conflicting details about the number of casualties, passengers, and terrorists involved.
Pakistani media also remained ambiguous, as government and military officials delayed releasing official details.
International media outlets such as BBC, CNN, Al Jazeera, Reuters, Australian Media relied on their sources to report the event. However, due to the remoteness of the attack site, no journalist could reach the scene. Subsequently, military and security forces took control of the area, further obscuring the situation.
Media Silence and Public Uncertainty
A concerning trend in Pakistan is the media and government’s silence whenever a significant tragedy occurs. This incident was no exception. Until the government and military released official statements, both state and private media refrained from reporting, leaving overseas Pakistanis dependent on international news sources.
Analysing both Pakistani and international reports, it is estimated that over 440 passengers were on board the Jaffar Express, including civilians and security personnel.
BLA’s Claim of Responsibility and the Rising Threat of Terrorism
The Baluchistan Liberation Army (BLA), an insurgent group, claimed responsibility for the attack. BLA spokesperson Jiyand Baloch stated that the group was willing to release the hostages if the government agreed to free their imprisoned fighters. However, government and military officials refused to negotiate, escalating tensions further.
This incident is among the worst terrorist attacks in Pakistan’s history. Given the country’s ongoing struggle with terrorism, the Pakistani public is now left wondering: how much worse can it get?
Causes of Terrorism in Pakistan
Terrorism in Pakistan is driven by multiple factors, including global geopolitics, internal instability, and foreign intervention. The primary reasons include:
- Afghan War and Its Repercussions: During the late 1970s, Pakistan collaborated with Western powers in the Afghan jihad against the Soviet Union, which ultimately fuelled extremist groups.
- Post-9/11 Scenario: Following the 2001 US-led war in Afghanistan, Pakistan became deeply involved in counterterrorism efforts, leading to a surge in domestic extremism.
- Kashmir Conflict: The ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan over Kashmir has further aggravated regional tensions, contributing to militancy since the independence from British empire.
- Indian Intelligence Agency RAW’s Role: Many in Pakistan believe that India’s intelligence agency is backing terrorist factions to destabilize the country.
- Failure of Pakistani Institutions: Law enforcement and intelligence agencies have struggled to completely eliminate terrorist networks, leading to continued unrest.
The Importance of Dialogue and Democratic Solutions
While military operations have been a key strategy in countering terrorism, experience has shown that the use of force alone is insufficient. A more sustainable approach requires political dialogue, negotiation, and reconciliation. Engaging with political parties, local activist groups, and civil society organizations can help address the root causes of insurgencies and terrorism.
- Engaging with Baloch Nationalist Groups: Instead of relying solely on military action, the government must initiate sincere dialogue with Baloch nationalist groups. Economic grievances, lack of representation, and human rights concerns must be addressed through democratic means.
- Inclusive Political Processes: Political parties across the spectrum should be encouraged to contribute to counterterrorism policies and peacebuilding efforts. A transparent and inclusive political process can help mitigate feelings of alienation among marginalized communities.
- Empowering Local Communities: Strengthening local governance and involving tribal elders, scholars, and civil society in decision-making can help build trust between the state and local populations.
- Reforming the Justice System: Ensuring swift and fair trials for accused militants while safeguarding human rights can prevent the rise of further radicalization.
Public Reaction in Pakistan
The Pakistani people, by and large, are peaceful and reject religious extremism and terrorism. However, the government’s inability to effectively curb militancy has left the nation vulnerable. Despite banning numerous terrorist organizations, their networks continue to operate covertly.
Leadership Responsibility and Regional Stability
Pakistan and India have long accused each other of supporting terrorist activities. However, both nations have failed to take concrete steps toward peace. Political parties in both countries often exploit tensions for electoral gains, while their military establishments view perpetual hostility as beneficial.
As a regional power, India must play a responsible role in fostering stability, while Pakistan’s foremost priority should be protecting its citizens and eradicating terrorism.
Internal Challenges and Looming Threats
Pakistan’s greatest threats stem from internal political instability and worsening security conditions. Weak democratic institutions, the military’s influence over governance, and a lack of fundamental rights have collectively harmed the nation. Strengthening democracy through transparent elections, free media, and active civic participation is crucial.
A Roadmap for Pakistan’s Survival and Peacebuilding
To eliminate terrorism and establish long-term peace, Pakistan must take decisive steps:
- Establish Political Stability: Addressing political crises is essential to implementing effective counterterrorism measures.
- Strengthen Security Forces: Law enforcement agencies must be better equipped and trained to combat terrorist threats.
- Enhance Diplomatic Engagement: Pakistan should collaborate with the global community to counter terrorism collectively.
- Focus on Public Welfare: Providing education, healthcare, and basic services can help prevent extremist recruitment.
- Develop a National Peace Plan: A comprehensive national peace plan that includes conflict resolution mechanisms, political reconciliation, and grassroots initiatives must be prioritized.
- Promote Interfaith Harmony: Encouraging religious tolerance and interfaith dialogue can help reduce radicalization and sectarian violence.
What needs to do
Conclusively, Pakistan stands at a critical crossroads. The nation is grieving, its people are mentally exhausted, and the future appears uncertain. If terrorism is to be eradicated, the government, military, and citizens must unite under a long-term strategy that prioritizes dialogue, democracy, and peacebuilding. By adopting a balanced approach that includes security measures alongside political engagement and social development, Pakistan can overcome its challenges and emerge as a stable and prosperous nation.
(The writer, Syed Atiq ul Hassa, is a Sydney-based journalist, analyst, writer, author and editor Tribune International, Australia. He holds the life achievement award 2024 by NSW Government, Australia. His email address is shassan@tribune-intl.com ).
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